In Nebraska, choosing the right cover crop for spring planting depends on your goals (such as soil improvement, weed suppression, or nitrogen fixation) and your crop rotation plan. Here are some of the best cover crops for spring planting in Nebraska:

1. Legumes (Nitrogen-Fixing Cover Crops)

Legumes are great for adding nitrogen to the soil, improving fertility for subsequent crops.

• Field Peas – Fast-growing and excellent for nitrogen fixation.
• Crimson Clover – Good for nitrogen-fixing and attracting pollinators.
• Hairy Vetch – Adds nitrogen and improves soil structure.

2. Grasses (Erosion Control & Weed Suppression)

Grasses help prevent erosion, build organic matter, and outcompete weeds.

• Oats – Quick-growing and great for early spring planting; winter-killed in colder conditions.
• Spring Barley – Improves soil structure and provides erosion control.
• Annual Ryegrass – Helps with weed suppression and soil improvement but requires careful termination.

3. Brassicas (Soil Conditioning & Pest Suppression)

Brassicas help break up compacted soil and suppress pests and diseases.

• Radish (Daikon or Tillage Radish) – Breaks up compacted soil and helps with water infiltration.
• Turnips – Similar to radishes, with added benefits for grazing livestock.
• Mustard – Has natural biofumigant properties that help suppress soil pests.

4. Broadleaf Cover Crops (Biodiversity & Pollinators)

• Buckwheat – Grows quickly, suppresses weeds, and attracts pollinators.
• Sunflowers – Improves soil structure and attracts beneficial insects.

Best Practices for Spring Cover Crops in Nebraska

• Plant early in the season (March to May, depending on soil conditions).
• Use a mix of cover crops for multiple benefits (e.g., peas + oats + radish).
• Terminate before planting main crops to avoid competition.